DRD2 Gene: Insilico Approach for Functional Protein Partners and Regulatory Pathways Analysis

Bioinformatics methodologies have made possible to profile the global composition of tissue or organelle at specific time point or under particular developmental or disease state. Extensive research into the genomics of neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia - a chronic brain disorder that may develop from a combination of multiple factors and affects approximately 1% people worldwide has revealed the importance of DRD2 gene in the development of disease. The study depicts the computational analysis of DRD2 gene exploring molecular networks of interacting targets by STRING’s database, KEGG and Reactome pathways and BioGrid databases- current bioinformatics tools that may provide insights into the biological processes underlying schizophrenia

Alteration in Hepatic Enzyme Activity of Tilapia mossambica upon Exposure to Fluoride

Fluoride, as the super reactive element fluorine, is found naturally throughout earth's crust. It has been identified as a strong, persistent powerful cumulative toxic agent, commonly distributed in the rivers, lakes, seas of earth. It is highly mobile and biologically active element in aquatic systems. Fish are considered as the excellent and valuable bioindicator of ecosystem pollution. The present study was designed to estimate acute fluoride toxicity on enzyme activity of liver of freshwater fish Tilapia mossambica. The major enzymes of Carbohydrate - Protein Metabolic pathways are Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST) in association with carbohydrate, protein,  lipid  in the liver of Tilapia mossambica, from Kalri Lake (Keenjhar Lake), Sindh, Pakistan at low amount of fluoride (sub-lethal) was estimated by using UV- Visible Spectrophotometer. Results showed ALP, AST and ALT enzymes present in the liver tissue were significantly changed (p < 0.001). Finally, it is concluded that fluoride produces the adverse poisonous effect on liver functioning which may be associated with altered or elevated enzyme activity of protein-carbohydrate metabolism

The Protein-Protein Interaction of Parkinson’s disease Associated Pin-1 Gene by using STRING’s Network.

Parkinson’s disease is the next frequent neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s, caused primarily by the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the Substantia Nigra. Mutations in the Putative-induced Kinase - a mitochondrial Serine/Threonine-protein Kinase encoded by the PINK1 gene have been found in families with recessive early-onset Parkinson’s disease. The present study represents the protein-protein interaction of PINK1 gene which is mutated in some forms of Parkinson’s disease by using advanced Bioinformatics tools such as STRING’s Network and BIOGRID data base. In conclusion, Protein-protein interaction networks are an important ingredient for the systemlevel understanding of cellular processes such, networks can be used for assessing functional genomics data, providing an intuitive platform for annotating evolutionary properties of proteins and their structural and functional features